APA 7th - references and reference lists
What characterizes the APA method for citing:
- the reference is identified in the text in parenthesis and abbreviated to the author or the first author et al. and year.
- uses an alphabetical reference list, the list is alphabetized by the first letter of the first author's last name.
Below are examples of how the different types of sources are referenced in the text and how the source appears in the alphabetized reference list.
Type |
... in the text |
... in the reference lists |
| Article | (Johri et al., 2023) | Johri, A., Katz, A. S., Qadir, J., & Hingle, A. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence and engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 112(3), 572–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20537 |
| Book | (de Albuquerque et al., 2023) | de Albuquerque, V. H. C., Raj, P., & Prakash Yadav, S. (2023). Toward artificial general intelligence: Deep learning, neural networks, generative AI. Toward Artificial General Intelligence: Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Generative Ai (pp. 1–409). De Gruyter. |
| Book chapter | (Pennefather, 2023) |
Pennefather, P. P. (2023). Prototyping with Generative AI. In Apress eBooks (pp. 109–143). |
| Conference paper | (Kodali et al., 2023) |
Kodali, R. K., Upreti, Y. P., & Boppana, L. (2023). Generative AI in Education. 2023 Ieee 15th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management, Hnicem 2023, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM60674.2023.10589199 |
| Report / policy document |
(Malpani et al., 2024) |
Malpani, R., Reis, A. A., Pujari, S., Reeder, J., Vayena, E., Labrique, A., … Zeng, Y. (2024). Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: Guidance on large multi-modal models (LMMs). World Health Organization. |
| Patent | (Burton et al., 2020) | Burton, T., Ramchandani, S., Gupta, S., & Anonymous. (2020). Methods and systems using mathematical analysis and machine learning to diagnose disease. Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents. |
| Web page | (DTU Library, n.d.) | DTU Library. (n.d.). Dress up for research – use your DTU Library accessories. [Webpage]. https://www.bibliotek.dtu.dk/en/dress-up |
| Data set | (Saldo et al., 2020) | Saldo, R., Brandt Kreiner, M., Buus-Hinkler, J., Pedersen, L. T., Malmgren-Hansen, D., Nielsen, A. A., & Skriver, H. (2020). AI4Arctic / ASIP Sea Ice Dataset - version 2 (Version 3)[Dataset]. Technical University of Denmark. https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.13011134.v3 |
| Software | (Afrough et al., 2024) | Afrough, A., Mokhtari, R., & Feilberg, K. L. (2024). Simple MATLAB and Python Scripts for Multi-Exponential Analysis (Version 1). Technical University of Denmark. https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.23705574.v1 |
| Video | (Refn, et al.,2024) | Refn, A., Nordholt, M. J., Brus, J., & Christensen, P. (2024). Dress up for research - use your DTU Library accessories (Version 1) [Video]. Technical University of Denmark. https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.27094267.v1 |
| Instrument (DOI) | (Jensen, 2024) | Jensen, T. E. (2024). iMAR iNAT-RQH-4001 (Version 2). Technical University of Denmark. https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.25673604.v2 |
| AI-generated - text - image |
AI image from ChatGPT | Learn more on Referencing when using generative AI |